Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
TARGETING BIOFILMS IN TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH, DEVICE DEVELOPMENT, AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS, ss.71-83, 2019 (SCI-Expanded)
While the use of orthopedic implants has transformed the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis, the introduction of foreign materials increases the ability of microbes to cause infection more than 100,000-fold (Elek, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 65:85-90, 1956; Parvizi et al. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23:S32-43, 2015). Even when implants are successfully placed without infection, their continued presence predisposes patients to infection years after implantation. The annual cost of infected revision total joint arthroplasty to US hospitals, an example of one of the most common device-associated infections, is projected to exceed $1.62 billion by the year 2020 (Kurtz et al. J Arthroplasty. 27:61-65.e1, 2012). Treatment of prosthesis-associated infections is complex as implants serve as a surface for microbial growth into a resistant biofilm layer. This biofilm layer makes bacteria more difficult to eradicate, facilitates host immune evasion, propagates antimicrobial resistance, and reduces the efficacy of standard antibiotic therapy. Over recent years, numerous strategies have been investigated to prevent, target, and disrupt biofilm on orthopedic implants. We describe the main modes of biofilm-disrupting technology pertinent to orthopedics that have been examined over the last decade - including biofilm localization techniques, implant material modification, bioactive antibacterial coatings, vaccines, bacteriophages, electrical stimulation, and inhibition of quorum sensing. Of note, the success of these novel antibiofilm approaches is currently largely limited to the preclinical setting or early clinical stages. Collaborative efforts between industry, academia, and regulatory authorities are required to fuel translation of this innovation into the clinical arena and ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.