The Persistent Challenges of Diagnosing Orthopaedic Implant-Related Infections


Lum Z. C., Cohen-Rosenblum A., Yao J. J., Chen A. F., Landy D. C., PARVİZİ J.

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Publication Type: Article / Editorial Material
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.2106/jbjs.25.01516
  • Journal Name: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Public Affairs Index, Nature Index
  • Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Infection remains one of the most catastrophic complications following orthopaedic surgery. Despite substantial advances in molecular diagnostics, biomarker assays, and consensus definitions, accurately diagnosing orthopaedic infection continues to challenge even the most experienced clinicians. There are differences in the diagnosis and treatment of infections that are related to different anatomic regions. The difficulty arises from the inherent biological diversity of infecting organisms and surgical locations, variable host responses, and the absence of a true diagnostic “gold standard.” This article summarizes the current diagnostic challenges and emerging solutions, drawing on recent high-impact evidence and consensus frameworks.